Linear scattering may also occur at in homogeneities which are comparable in size with the guided wavelength. These result from the no perfect cylindrical structure of the wave guide and may be caused by fiber imperfections such as irregularities in the core- cladding interface, core- cladding refractive index differences along the fiber length, diameter fluctuations, strains and bubbles. The scattering created by such in homogeneities is mainly in the forward direction and is called Mie Scattering. Depending upon the fiber material, design and manufacture, Mie scattering can cause significant losses. The in homogeneities may be reduced by

-         removing imperfections due to the glass manufacturing process,

-         carefully controlled extrusion and coating of the fiber

-         Increasing the fiber guidance by increasing the relative refractive index difference.Read More